Fisiologia e sanidade de sementes de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L.) utilizando ondas eletromagnéticas.

Abstract

The health quality of the seeds cowpea (Vigna unguinculata L.) it is of paramount importance for agricultural production, in turn the seed operates as a means of spreading disease, and may cause injuries and anomalies in the plants such as low productivity. Thus, seed treatment is a necessary procedure in the management and control of diseases. There fore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic waves on the phytosanitary and physiological quality of seeds of cowpea. Cowpea seeds were collected in the municipality of Sumé-PB, located in microregion of westen Cariri of Paraíba and remaining at different periods of exposure to electromagnetic waves, the exposure times were of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 seconds in microwave at a power of 900w and a frequency of 2.45 GHz, in addition to the fungicide (dicarboximide). For sanity tests, 100 seeds were used per treatments, distributed in five replications of Twenty seeds each. Promptly, the seeds were incubated in petri dishes containing a double layer of “Blotter Test” filter paper, sterilized and moistened with distilled and sterilized water (ADE). The germination test consisted of 100 seeds per treatments, divided into four replications of Twenty-five seeds. They were seeded on previously sterilized germitest paper. They were seeded on previously sterilized germitest paper. The design used in the sanitary and physiological analysis experiments was the entirely causalized (DIC). The following fungal genera were identified in seeds of Vigna inguiculata Aspergillus flavus (72%); Colletotrichum sp. (6,1%); Rhizopus sp. (9,5%) and Chaetomium sp. (18%). The periods of exposure to electromagnetic waves for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 seconds at 2.45 GHz were effective in reducing the identified fungi. There was no negative influence of treatments on physiological quality.