Nível de conhecimento dos usuários de Unidade Básicas de Saúde da Família sobre dengue, chikungunya e zica e fatores associados.

Abstract

The current health context in Brazil points to an enormous prevalence of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika virus diseases. Also called arboviruses, they are transmitted by the same vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and its presence in several regions of the country demonstrates its great potential of adaptation and dispersion. This is mainly due to climatic conditions, which favor vector proliferation, and the infrastructure of basic health services offered in Brazil. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate the level of knowledge of the users of Family Health Units (FHU) on the three arboviruses regarding prevention, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, possible complications and treatment. A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a field survey, using a self-administered questionnaire. Data processing, storage and analysis were performed using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), version 21.0. The research was carried out in the USF's of Cruzeiro and Bodocongó districts, which presented worrying rates of Aedes aegypti infestation in the city of Campina Grande - PB. 390 people participated in the study. It was noted that 89.16% of the users adopted measures to prevent and combat mosquito outbreaks, but only 33.85% carried out some measure that prevented mosquito biting when they were already an adult, seeing, for example, only 25.4% they used repellent on exposed skin. There was also a lack of knowledge in part of the studied population, after all, only 55.2% had the correct indexes on this topic, especially in users with low schooling, in which they presented only 48.73% of correct answers to 60.14% of the more educated, reinforcing the importance of investment in health education. It is interesting that for both levels of schooling, issues that are very much addressed by health professionals and the media, such as: "if the Zika virus can be transmitted from the pregnant woman to the fetus", she showed a success rate of 89%, while such as: "which disease can cause serious bleeding", obtained 85.9% errors. The data of the present study reiterate the importance of didactic activities that integrate education, health and FHUs, seeking the population's action in the elimination of mosquito outbreaks and the greater involvement with these important public health issues.