CAVALCANTE, F. H.; GONÇALVES, K. T. C.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9153744386754235; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607052925701600; CAVALCANTE, Felipe Henriques.; GONÇALVES, Kaike Thiê da Costa.
Resumo:
Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem in the world
and especially in Brazil, in the North and Northeast regions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate
and delineate the epidemiological profile of VL in Paraíba between 2007 and 2017,
comparing the situation in Brazil and in the world, also observing the temporal evolution
in this period. METHOD: Data analysis by the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de
Notificação, through the Database of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SINAM / DATA-
SUS) on the disease, in the above-mentioned period. RESULTS: A total of 431 cases
were reported in the state of Paraíba in the period 2007 to 2017. The average number
of cases reported per year in the period studied was 39, with a year-on-year increase
in the same period (p-value: 3.262%), and the seasonality of the disease was
confirmed, being most frequent in the months of January, June, July and August , and
lowest in the month of December of all years. The highest observed incidence was in
2014, with 1.53 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest incidence occurred in 2009
with 0.55 per 100,000 inhabitants. There was an incidence average in the studied
period of 1.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. Residence in the urban area prevailed (60.2%)
in relation to the rural area (36.6%), being more affected the microregions of João
Pessoa and Campina Grande, the two largest cities in the state. The number of cases
diagnosed by laboratory methods (85%) prevailed over the clinical diagnosis. The
profile of the population affected by the disease was male (64%), aged between 1 to 4
(23.43%) or 29 to 40 years (29.23%), with low educational level (68.94% In Primary
Education, 15.26% were Illiterates, 14.73% had High School and only 1.05% had
higher education). Co-infection with HIV was observed in 68 of the total reported cases
(15%). The percentage of cure of the disease was 58.9%, those who evolved to death
were 6%. CONCLUSIONS: The average number of cases of LV reported in the period
between 2007 and 2017 in the state of Paraíba was lower than the observed in others
states of North and Northeast. However was an increase in LV cases reported in
Paraíba year-over-year in the same period. There was a seasonality in relation to the
incidence of the disease, the highest in January, and also high in June, July and
August, instaed December was the lowest of all the years studied. The incidence of LV
in the State of Paraíba was lower than in other evaluated states of the North and
Northeast, as well as lower than the incidence reported for Brazil. The urban area
prevailed over the rural area in number of reported cases, with the microregions of
João Pessoa and Campina Grande being those with the highest number of cases, and
the laboratory diagnosis prevailed over the clinician. The presence of coinfection with
the HIV virus was higher in the State of Paraíba than in the other analyzed states of
the federation. The lethality of the disease was higher in the state of Paraíba than in
the other evaluated states, even in those with the highest number of reported cases.
The profile of the population affected by LV in Paraíba was characterized by the greater
involvement of males, ages ranging from 1 to 4 and 20 to 49 years, and lower levels
of schooling, according to what was seen in other literature studies.