Aspectos epidemiológicos da leishmaniose visceral humana na Paraíba no período de 2007 a 2017.

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem in the world and especially in Brazil, in the North and Northeast regions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and delineate the epidemiological profile of VL in Paraíba between 2007 and 2017, comparing the situation in Brazil and in the world, also observing the temporal evolution in this period. METHOD: Data analysis by the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de

Notificação, through the Database of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SINAM / DATA- SUS) on the disease, in the above-mentioned period. RESULTS: A total of 431 cases

were reported in the state of Paraíba in the period 2007 to 2017. The average number of cases reported per year in the period studied was 39, with a year-on-year increase in the same period (p-value: 3.262%), and the seasonality of the disease was confirmed, being most frequent in the months of January, June, July and August , and lowest in the month of December of all years. The highest observed incidence was in 2014, with 1.53 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest incidence occurred in 2009 with 0.55 per 100,000 inhabitants. There was an incidence average in the studied period of 1.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. Residence in the urban area prevailed (60.2%) in relation to the rural area (36.6%), being more affected the microregions of João Pessoa and Campina Grande, the two largest cities in the state. The number of cases

diagnosed by laboratory methods (85%) prevailed over the clinical diagnosis. The profile of the population affected by the disease was male (64%), aged between 1 to 4 (23.43%) or 29 to 40 years (29.23%), with low educational level (68.94% In Primary Education, 15.26% were Illiterates, 14.73% had High School and only 1.05% had higher education). Co-infection with HIV was observed in 68 of the total reported cases (15%). The percentage of cure of the disease was 58.9%, those who evolved to death were 6%. CONCLUSIONS: The average number of cases of LV reported in the period between 2007 and 2017 in the state of Paraíba was lower than the observed in others states of North and Northeast. However was an increase in LV cases reported in Paraíba year-over-year in the same period. There was a seasonality in relation to the incidence of the disease, the highest in January, and also high in June, July and August, instaed December was the lowest of all the years studied. The incidence of LV in the State of Paraíba was lower than in other evaluated states of the North and Northeast, as well as lower than the incidence reported for Brazil. The urban area prevailed over the rural area in number of reported cases, with the microregions of João Pessoa and Campina Grande being those with the highest number of cases, and the laboratory diagnosis prevailed over the clinician. The presence of coinfection with the HIV virus was higher in the State of Paraíba than in the other analyzed states of the federation. The lethality of the disease was higher in the state of Paraíba than in the other evaluated states, even in those with the highest number of reported cases. The profile of the population affected by LV in Paraíba was characterized by the greater involvement of males, ages ranging from 1 to 4 and 20 to 49 years, and lower levels of schooling, according to what was seen in other literature studies.