BARBOSA, F. S.; SANTOS, M. J. E.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0796206849015902; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580742316362905; BARBOSA, Felipe Silva.; SANTOS, Maria José Estevão dos.
Resumo:
Sickle cell disease is one of the most common genetic alteration in the world. The
disease progresses with microcirculatory changes, promoting the phenomenon of
vaso-occlusion, which culminates in chronic and progressive tissue damage. One of
the most affected areas is the central nervous system, which causes several mental
disorders in individuals with the disease, such as cognitive impairment, decreased
attention and executive ability. Thus, this review aims to analyze, through the literature
review, the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children less than or equal
10 years of age and diagnosed with sickle cell disease. A systematic literature review
was performed by searching the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and MEDLINE databases
from August to September 2019. Were selected studies that addressed children less
than or equal 10 years of age and diagnosed with sickle cell disease. Studies were
found in the United States and the United Kingdom, all published in the English
language. Neurodevelopmental disorders were more commonly found in children with
sickle cell disease, especially those with high-risk genotypes. Several
neurodevelopmental domains were affected, such as cognition, processing speed,
expressive and receptive language, among others. Variables such as socioeconomic
status and maternal education were negatively associated with neurodevelopmental
decline in the group of children with the disease. Also, these children are more
susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders since early childhood. There are several
variables that may be associated with these changes, ranging from disease-related
biological factors to characteristics of the home environment. Thus, the inclusion of
neurodevelopmental tests and screening methods in the clinical routine of these early
childhood patients is essential.