DORNELAS, A. C. G.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6078221270218671; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3439829021860191; DORNELAS, Amanda Carolyne Gomes Patriota.; ARAÚJO, Karina Raquel Barros.
Resumo:
The diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that affects millions of people in the world.
One of the most important chronic complications of this condition is the diabetic foot,
which risk factors are preventable at primary level. The aim of this study is to identify
the prevalence of risk factors for complications of lower limbs in type 2 diabetic
patients registered in Basic Health Family Units linked to the “Mais Médicos do
Brasil” program in Campina Grande city. This is a cross-sectional cohort study from a
“D-Day” initiated by an educational lecture and followed by a careful clinical
examination in search of the risks in each patient. The data collection was
condducted in October 2016 and a total of 75 patients with type 2 DM participated of
the study. The characterization of the sample revealed a predominance of females
(72%), with a mean age of 62,41 years ± 3,4. History of smoking was observed in
36% of cases, alcohol consumption in 48% and sedentary lifestyle in 62,7%; the
average time of diagnosis was 8,9 years ± 7,2 and 60% of patients had diagnosis of
hypertension. Previous amputation was seen in 4% of cases. Regarding the
anthropometric measurements, 76% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 94,4% of women and
85,7% of men had abdominal circumference measurements above the limits
recommended by WHO and 83,3% of women and 85,7% of men had neck
circumference measurements altered. Moreover, neuropathic symptoms were
reported in 72% of patients, 53,3% showed alterations of tactile sense, 41,3% of
vibration sense, and 30,7% of distal pulses, in addition to alterations observed in
inspection, by which the most prevalent lesion was the callus (73,3%). Also,
appropriate footwear were observed in only 22,7% of patients. Additionally, 33,3% of
them did not did glycemic control in the last year, 26% did not perform medical
appointment in the same period and 13,3% reported to do insulin therapy. Of the total
sample, 78,7% said they have never received advice guidance about foot care and
81,3% said their feet have never be examined by any health professional. Thus, from
the results of this study, it is concluded that, although most of the risk factors
associated to complications of DM can be prevented, due to the weak care given to
patients with type 2 DM, this does not occur, which undercores the importance of
improving assistance for the organization of an appropriate plan of screening and
prevetion in primary care.