MELO, K. O. C. F.; MENEZES, R. M. L.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8814664438708610; MELO, Kamilla Oliveira da Câmara Fonseca.; MENEZES, Rafaela Maia Lobo.
Abstract:
In Brazil, cancer represents the main cause of death due to diseases in children
and adolescents. In this age group, acute leukemia is the most prevalent
malignant neoplasm and accounts for most deaths, with acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL) being the most frequent subtype. Among the genetic alterations
related to a worse prognosis, there is the presence of the Philadélfia chromosome
(Ph), characterized by the translocation t (9; 22) (q34; q11). The objective of this
study was to determine the prevalence of Philadelphia ALL in the Pediatric
Oncology Service of the Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro between January
2015 and December 2017 and to determine the epidemiological and laboratory
profile of these patients. The information was obtained through the analysis of
medical records from 23 patients, which were studied regarding age, sex, subtype
of ALL, leucometry at diagnosis, infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS),
karyotype and translocations. The mean age at diagnosis was 6 years. There
was a discrete male predominance, with an incidence ratio of 1.3: 1 (M:F). The
vast majority of patients had the B-subtype of ALL and less than 50,000/mm³
leukocytes at diagnosis. None of the patients presented CNS infiltration at
diagnosis. The majority of the patients did not present alteration in the karyotype
research. Of the total number of patients, 13% had the t (9; 22) translocation and
all of them had the p210 protein. There were 4 deaths among the patients studied,
corresponding to 17% of the cases. The epidemiological characteristics of
children with ALL at the Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro were similar to
those described in the literature, but a higher prevalence of Ph+ ALL was found
when compared to the world literature, as well as a disagreement on the most
frequently identified fusion protein in the ALL.