Prevalência de leucemia linfoide aguda cromossomo philadélfia positivo em serviço de oncologia pediátrica da Paraíba.

Abstract

In Brazil, cancer represents the main cause of death due to diseases in children and adolescents. In this age group, acute leukemia is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm and accounts for most deaths, with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) being the most frequent subtype. Among the genetic alterations related to a worse prognosis, there is the presence of the Philadélfia chromosome (Ph), characterized by the translocation t (9; 22) (q34; q11). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Philadelphia ALL in the Pediatric Oncology Service of the Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro between January 2015 and December 2017 and to determine the epidemiological and laboratory profile of these patients. The information was obtained through the analysis of medical records from 23 patients, which were studied regarding age, sex, subtype of ALL, leucometry at diagnosis, infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS), karyotype and translocations. The mean age at diagnosis was 6 years. There was a discrete male predominance, with an incidence ratio of 1.3: 1 (M:F). The vast majority of patients had the B-subtype of ALL and less than 50,000/mm³ leukocytes at diagnosis. None of the patients presented CNS infiltration at diagnosis. The majority of the patients did not present alteration in the karyotype research. Of the total number of patients, 13% had the t (9; 22) translocation and all of them had the p210 protein. There were 4 deaths among the patients studied, corresponding to 17% of the cases. The epidemiological characteristics of children with ALL at the Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro were similar to those described in the literature, but a higher prevalence of Ph+ ALL was found when compared to the world literature, as well as a disagreement on the most frequently identified fusion protein in the ALL.