Análise da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com doença falciforme após o início do uso de hidroxiuréia.

Abstract

Sickle cell disease is one of the most common monogenic diseases in the world. It is a clinically highly variable condition, making the majority of patients require frequent visits to the hematology outpatient clinic. The discovery that high levels of fetal hemoglobin in individuals with sickle cell disease had a protective effect against the clinical manifestations of the disease led to the discovery of the hydroxyurea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with sickle cell disease after the initiation of the use of hydroxyurea, to evaluate if painful crises, hospitalizations and infectious processes decreased after the use of hydroxyurea. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study without intervention In the problem, of quantitative approach in patients attended at the University Hospital AlcidesCarneiro, through the application of the Whoqol-bref questionnaire and Additional Instrument of Evaluation of Quality of Life for sickle cell disease, besides analysis of the medical records of these patients. Results: Ten patients of both sexes were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between the patients before and after the use of hydroxyurea (p-value = 0.634). After the use of at least 12 months of hydroxyurea, hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels improved, with statistically significant differences (p-value = 0.043 and p-value = 0.014, respectively). We also found a statistically significant difference for the AST and FAL values​​ (p-value = 0.008 and p-value = 0.001, respectively). The scores of the domains of the Whoqol-bref questionnaire followed: Physical (42,50), Psychological (63,33), Social Relationships (75,83) and Environment (47,81). In the analysis of the impact of the use of hydroxyurea on pain episodes, infectious crises and hospital admissions, through the Additional Instrument of Quality of Life Assessment, all participants (n = 10) reported that these episodes became less frequent after use of hydroxyurea. Conclusion: Although the scores of the Woqol-bref questionnaire were low, especially in the physical domain, in practice there was an improvement in the Quality of Life of these patients. This data is confirmed by the results of the questionnaire Additional Instrument for Assessment of Quality of Life.