Fatores de risco para a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono em motorista de ônibus.

Abstract

Among the sleep disorders that lead to drowsiness, the most prevalent among the category of professional drivers is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repeated episodes of complete cessation and / or reduced airflow in the upper airways. A specific assessment for the quality of sleep of bus drivers is of great importance in view of the severity of the repercussions of obstructive sleep

apnea syndrome (OSAS) on work activity, health and quality of life. This is a cross- sectional study, developed through field research, which sought to identify the presence

of OSAS associated risk factors in bus drivers. Data collection was performed through the symptomatic questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and anthropometric measurements. The association was verified by Pearson's chi-square test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The population consisted of bus drivers from two companies in the city of Campina Grande-PB (n = 76), with an average age of 39 years, being 100% male. It was found that 44.7% had systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and / or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg; This same percentage had neck circumference (NC) equal to or greater than 40 cm and 35.5% had some degree of obesity. Regarding sleep, 59.2% reported snoring at night, 30.2% reported headache in the morning, as well as excessive tiredness during the day and 47.3% reported daytime sleepiness. By ESS 15.8% had excessive sleepiness. The associated variables that had statistically significant results were NC and BMI (rho = 0.79; p <0.001), BMI and SBP (rho = 0.38; p = 0.001), BMI and DBP (rho = 0.28; p = 0.016), NC and SBP (rho = 0.37; p = 0.001), DBP and SBP (rho = 0,44; p < 0,001), no statistically significant associations were identified between Epworth Scale and other investigated variables. The results suggest that body weight contributes to the increased risk for Blood Pressure and CP elevation, just as it suggested that CP increased the risk for SBP elevation. Thus, it can be concluded that the studied population presented risk factors associated with OSAS, related to male gender, obesity (by body mass index [BMI]), prevalence of hypertension, neck circumference and shift work that alters the cycle. circadian, which may also potentiate daytime sleepiness.