Adesão ao tratamento farmacológico anti-hipertensivo na atenção básica: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Brazilian public healthcare has been organizing around SUS and Primary Healthcare investments, increasing availability of health services and professionals, pharmaceutical care and free distribution of drugs. Among the most commonly approached non-transmissible chronic diseases, hypertension stands out as the most prevalent. However, there is a low adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment, a complex and multidetermined phenomenon that can have personal, social and economic consequences. Therefore, the identification of factors related to compliance with treatment is fundamental for the improvement of health care. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment in Primary Care and individually analyze each one. This research consists of an Integrative Review of Literature on original studies published in the period from January 2006 to December 2016, aiming to answer the guiding question: what literature brings about the factors related to adherence to drug therapy for hypertension in primary healthcare? The studies were searched in the electronic databases MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS and SciELO, with the following descriptors: medication adherence, primary healthcare, antihypertensive agents, hypertension. Among the factors that increase the prevalence of adherence in the population, the following stand out: being older than 60 years, Caucasian, not living alone, presence of comorbidities, attendance at consultations, knowledge about hypertension and its treatment, use fewer medications, good relationship with the patient care team and its ability to guide patients well. Gender, level of education and family income showed association with both increase and decrease of adherence. The sample obtained brought more knowledge about literature data in the last five years, however, the studies found were scarce, indicating that the theme is not yet given due importance, despite the relevance shown in this review.