Prevalência do diabetes mellitus entre usuários do programa multidisciplinar de tratamento do tabagismo em Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

Smoking is one of the most relevant public health problems nowadays, accounting for approximately 6 million annual deaths worldwide. The association between tobacco consumption and the development and aggravation of various pathologies is well known. Among these, an important chronic disease, of high prevalence, has an association with smoking in a way that has not yet been researched: Diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective: To observe the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in smoking patients participating in the Programa Multidisciplinar de Tratamento do Tabagismo (PMTT), developed in Campina Grande-PB. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative study was carried out. The data were obtained through the medical records of PMTT users, who attended it from February 2013 to December 2016 and were organized through an online questionnaire created by the researchers. For the statistical analysis, the computational environment R (version 3.4.1) was used. The significance level of 5% (α = 0.05) was adopted for acceptance of null hypothesis, descriptive analysis and logistic regression study. Results: 589 medical records of PMTT patients were analyzed. The majority of them were female (66.55%) and had between 9 and 12 years of formal study (24.1%). The majority of the patients (15.35%) had an individual monthly income between 501 and 750 reais per month. Regarding the prevalence of Diabetes, 8.66% of the patients in the sample had previous diagnosis of this disease. At the significance level of 5%, the null hypothesis was rejected, statistically evidencing a higher prevalence of diabetic patients in the sample of smokers (8.66%) than in the literature in the general Brazilian population (6.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was higher than that of the general population in Brazil, which may include smoking in the risk factors for the development and/or worsening of this pathology. It was verified, through logistic regression, that even considering only those patients who do not diet and do not have arterial hypertension, for each year over smoking, the chance of having Diabetes increased by 3.7%. Therefore, the cessation of smoking may be of fundamental importance for adequate glycemic control and for the complications of this disease to be minimized.