Suplementação de vitamina D em gestantes : uma revisão sistemática da literatura.

Abstract

Pregnancy is a period full of important adaptations on the maternal organism. The changes on the nutritional needs and on the hormonal levels, intrinsic to the gestational process, are immensely necessary to fetal growth and development. Vitamin D deficiency, understood as a result of this increased maternal metabolic rate – if unattended – can cause deep and worrisome alterations on prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods. Despite this, vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is not a common practice on Brazil. Therefore, on this Systematic Review, we discuss the metabolism of vitamin D and its implications on pregnancy, the effects of vitamin D deficiency on mothers and their offspring and we review recommended the therapeutic range of an eventual supplementation of this vitamin. Our results show that there are strong indications allowing the affirmation of an ideal therapeutic range, on vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, comprehending the interval that goes from 1120 to 4460 daily international units. Also, our results show that the most common starting period for this intervention was the second gestational trimester. This way, we conclude that, although this therapeutic range is secure and well established on the studies we revised, defining if the exact ideal dose is closer to the lower established value (1120UI/day) or closer to the higher value established (4460UI/day) is a point that requires further deepening. Besides that, despite the vast majority of the studies revised having started their supplementations on the second gestational trimester, this data might correspond to causality, as defining this aspect of vitamin D supplementation was not a specific objective on any of the revised articles.