LEITE, Luzia Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1434096596644797; LEITE, Luzia Pereira.
Resumo:
With the great scientific and technological advances arising from the Second Industrial
Revolution (second half of the XIX century), the concept of civilization, judging by what
can be read in A Cidade e as Serras, by Eça de Queirós, becomes associated with
industrial progress, an example occurred in Paris. From this thought, a certain
devaluation towards individuals and peasant life is preconceived, in principle, when
compared to city life. In this scenario, large urban centers were regarded as
synonymous with progress and happiness, while the field was associated with
backwardness and lack of intelligence. In this work, our main objective was to analyze
the work cited above, as a way of exposing the contrast between what is inferred from
it by civilization and nature, related to the universe of representation of values attributed
to the field and the city, in order to collaborate for the deconstruction of the former's
deterministic view of inferiority. Therefore, we base this research mainly on the
knowledge of Rousseau (2004), Fortes (1996), Batista (2015) and Moisés (2018). As
an analysis methodology, this is a bibliographical research with a qualitative approach
and explanatory character, considering that we seek to analyze and expose the vision
of the countryside/city axis in the period of the second industrial revolution. As a result
of the research, we conclude that the view of the inferiority of the countryside compared
to the city is based on a misguided basis, since it is distorted due to theories that
influenced the literary movement, such as determinism, still in force in the school
literary Realism. The distancing of the character Jacinto concerning his own lands is
what made him, despite being competent and literate, complete unrelated to the reality
in which he is invited to participate, which will change after his move from Paris to
Tormes, in Portugal.