Otimização e limites de avaliação ambiental de materiais estabilizados por solidificação após incorporação de borra oleosa de petróleo.

Abstract

In this work, petroleum sludge oil was subjected to stabilization by solidification process, the objective was to optimize the process responses, thus showing the best treatment related to waste percentage and curing time, which leads to better response, and indicate oxygen chemical demand and oils and greases maximum permissible limits to evaluate the resulting material. To perform the optimization and propose limits, initially petroleum oily sludge and the binder were characterized and classified. Then it was used the factorial optimization with addition of three repetitions at the central point and additions of axial points, in the rotational central composite design. The adopted factors were petroleum oily sludge percentage and curing time. It was also performed the manufacturing of cementitious matrices incorporated with the petroleum oily sludge from the optimization. This material was evaluated through integrity and durability, immobilization of contaminants and environmental evaluation tests. Cementitious matrices were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction tests and thermogravimetric analysis. The mass balance was performed, as well as contaminant retention efficiency and statistical analysis, and the determintaion of oxygen chemical demand and oils and greases maximum permissible limits in potable water and wastewater for disposal in Brazil and worldwide. From a scientific point of view, one of the contributions of this study was to propose the maximum permissible limit for oxygen chemical demand, which was one thousand (1,000) milligrams per liter and, for the oils and greases content was proposed one hundred (100) milligrams per liter, both for the leaching test. For the solubilization test was proposed ten (10) milligrams per liter for oxygen chemical demand and one (1) milligrams per liter for the oils and greases content. As a result of this study it was demonstrated that the responses optimization is a way to minimize and/or maximize the stabilization by solidification process response variables, in which was observed that the best results are obtained when lower petroleum oily sludge percentage and higher curing time values were used. This study allows us to affirm that it is possible to optimize the stabilization by solidification process of stabilized and solidified material incorporated with petroleum oily sludge and that the bringing of environmental evaluation limits helps to ensure a proper oily waste disposal and proper final product use.