Perda precoce de dentes decíduos: fatores envolvidos e principais formas de intervenção ortodôntica.

Abstract

Traumatic injuries to deciduous teeth are among the main causes of visits to pediatric dentists. The early loss of deciduous teeth can have a negative impact on the quality of life of children, depending on its severity and its sequelae. Several types of space maintainers and space regainers can be used, the indication varies according to the lost tooth, the child's age and the dental arch characteristics. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review on the early loss of deciduous teeth and the main orthodontic procedures to maintain space in the dental arch. The main causes of early deciduous tooth loss are dental caries, dental trauma and premature root resorption. The article consisted of a survey of cases of early deciduous tooth loss and the use of space maintainers. This article consisted of a survey of cases of early loss of deciduous teeth and the use of space maintainers in orthodontics, published in the Google Scholar, SciElo, PubMed, Medline and LILACS scientific article databases, using the terms "Space Maintainer in Orthodontics", "Pediatric Dentistry", "Tooth, Deciduous". As inclusion criteria, articles were selected in Portuguese and English, with relevance to the proposed theme, covering the period from 2010 to 2023. The main causes of early deciduous tooth loss are dental caries, dental trauma, and premature root resorption, while the main space maintainers are crown-piece, band-piece, lingual arch, palatal button, and bihelix. A greater tendency for early tooth loss was observed in males, with ages ranging from 3 to 9 years, and the main etiological factor was dental caries. The molar teeth were the most affected, with the loop-band space maintainer being the most used. It is essential that dental surgeons perform an early diagnosis of space problems in the deciduous and mixed dentition, knowing how to identify the factors that cause early tooth loss and their treatment options.