Um estudo sobre as alterações legislativa eleitoral: representavidade feminina e composição dos partidos na Câmara de vereadores em Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

Elections are important features of contemporary democracies. In Brazil, as well as in other democracies, electoral legislation is characterized by constant changes. However, even if the rules change with some frequency, the participation of women in politics is still compromised due to the need to guarantee equality for all before the law, a challenge that presents itself in the Brazilian context. Thus, our research problem consisted of knowing to what extent the changes in electoral rules, from the electoral mini-reforms (Law nº 13.165/15; Law nº 13.488/17 and EC nº 97/17), influenced the picture of female representation in the composition of the City Council of the municipality of Campina Grande-PB in the 2020 elections. In order to understand the historical process, the municipal elections in the period 2004-2020 were observed to analyze the dynamics of female representation in the municipal legislature in the face of changes in the electoral rules of 2020. The investigation followed some routes: i) changes in legislation were identified elections that took place in 2020; ii) the orientations of the relations between gender and politics were detected, emphasizing the female participation in the parties in local power; iii) the composition of the group of councilors in the elections that took place from 2004 to 2020 and the configuration of female representation were verified; iv) verified the number of women candidacies, the number and the profile. The methodology of this dissertation is characterized as a research with descriptive statistics treatment and a case study about the municipal elections in the city of Campina Grande, the second largest municipality in Paraíba according to data from the TSE and TRE-PB. The interpretation of the findings indicates that the institutional changes allowed the entry of women in the disputes, although it did not guarantee electoral success in the same intensity. The trend of women's participation in the political leadership of the municipality until 2020 was being demonstrated by the family history of participation in local politics. This picture undergoes a slight change, as in the 2020 municipal elections, 7 (seven) of the 23 (twenty-three) seats in the municipal legislature were occupied by women. Thus, this case study will allow to broaden the discussion on women's participation in politics by considering their importance in embodying the majority of the Brazilian electorate.