Leishmaniose canina: estudo dos flebotomíneos e taxa de infecção em município do semiárido paraibano

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease widely distributed across the country and of great importance for public health. In Brazil, its main etiological agent is Leishmania infantum for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Leishmania braziliensis for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (TL). The disease is transmitted by sandflies, small winged insects with nocturnal habits, popularly known as "straw mosquito". LV has the dog as the main link in its domestic cycle. The presente study aimed to evaluate the distribution and abundance of the sandfly fauna in Brazil and also the incidence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in a municipality in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. For this, a systematic review of the quantitative data obtained on the sandfly fauna in Brazil was carried out, and the blood collection of 211 dogs in the municipality of Mãe d'Água/PB. Serological tests (DPP® (Dual Path Platform), ELISA S7®, ELISA-EIE®) and molecular tests (qPCR) were performed from the blood collection of the animals of Mãe d'Água, obtaining the incidence of the disease when compared to the last In a survey carried out in the municipality, the risk factors were determined from the data collected in the epidemiological questionnaire and, to assess the distribution of the disease in the municipality, the QGIS program was used. Altogether, 35 works were analyzed in full during the systematic review and, through qualitative analysis, a total of 94 species of sandflies distributed across all 5 regions of Brazil was observed. The genus Lutzomyia was the most diverse with a total of 48 species, and the subgenus Nyssomyia was the most abundant in 4 of the 5 regions of the country. The municipality of Mãe d’Água had an incidence of 3.3 infected dogs per 100 and a prevalence of 11.3%. Despite the drop in prevalence, it is necessary to intensify the control measures for leishmaniasis in the municipality, due to the high-density zones of the disease observed in the spatial analysis.