Estudo clínicopatológico de uma série de casos de processos proliferativos não-neoplásicos da cavidade bucal

Abstract

Non-neoplastic proliferative processes (NNPPs) are inflammatory lesions that frequently occur in oral cavity, caused by chronic and lasting stimuli. Among these, the followingstand out: pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and peripheral giant cell lesions (PGCL). The present work sought to analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of NNPPs. 57 cases of PG (n = 20), POF (n = 20) and PGGCL (n = 17) were evaluated. Clinical forms requesting histopathological analysis were evaluated to obtain sociodemographic data such as: age, sex, race, occupation, and marital status. The same forms provided the clinical data: appearance of the lesion, anatomical location, symptoms, type of implantation, growth, type of growth, color, consistency, size, type of biopsy and diagnostic hypothesis. For the morphological (histopathological) study, in the 5μm histological sections arranged on glass slides and stained in Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) were evaluated: ulceration, bacterial colonization, inflammatory infiltrate, degree of cellularization, characterization of the hard tissue and vascularization of the lesion. NNPPs were more prevalent in females, from the third to the sixth decade of life. PG and POF were more frequently found in the superior alveolar ridge, and GCPL was more frequent in the inferior alveolar ridge. The three groups most exhibited a nodular appearance, pink color, fibrous consistency, sessile implantation, exophytic and slow growth, absent symptoms, and varied sizes. Among the morphological findings, in general, the presence of ulceration in the lesions was commonly observed, being present in 65%, 80% and 94.1% of the GP, FOP, LPCG respectively, and little bacterial colonization. The degree of inflammation and cellularization were more pronounced in GPs and LPCGs. As for the presence of hard tissue, it was present in the FOP and LPCG, with no statistically significant differences in terms of intensity or characterization, p=0.379 and p=0.539. The PG showed a tendency towards greater vascularization among the lesions studied, but no difference was statistically significant between the groups p=0.056. PPNNs are clinically very similar lesions that can be prevented as long as the causal physical factors are eliminated, the patient is instructed in preventive oral hygiene habits and the lesions are treated correctly.