Os operadores argumentativos de contraposição nas redações nota 1000 do ENEM 2021: estratégias de argumentatividade.

Abstract

In different interactional contexts, in everyday conversations or in more formal situations, language is used to express intentions, since the linguistic items chosen by the speaker imprint his/her points of view and positions. This means that the linguistic choices employ elements that reveal the argumentativity of discourses, and among these elements, we highlight the argumentative operators that are present in the materiality of the text. In view of this, in this study we address the operation of the argumentative operators of counterposition BUT, present in the argumentative essay, which currently corresponds to one of the stages of the National High School Exam (ENEM). Therefore, the general objective of this study is to investigate the effects of meaning produced by the use of the counterposition argumentative operators in the construction of the counterargumentation, in the 1000 grade essays of ENEM 2021. To achieve this goal, the research is based on the studies of Koch (2011, 2021) with the main points related to language and argumentativity; the discussions of Bakhtin (1997) and his circle, about textual/discursive genres; as well as the clarifications of Marcuschi (2002, 2008) and Antunes (2009) regarding the criteria of textuality; and the studies of other researchers who were relevant to this investigation. The research presents a descriptive-interpretativist methodology, as it describes and interprets the effects of meaning generated by the use of argumentative operators of counterposition. The analysis indicates that the domain of these discursive strategies, of the argumentative operators, is indispensable both to meet the structure of the writing genre and to mark the positioning, the subjectivity of the subject-author. Moreover, it leads the reader to the intended objectives in the defense of the facts presented, since much of the argumentative power of the text is dependent on these linguistic marks.