Vulnerabilidade social e ambiental ao evento extremo seca em comunidades rurais do município de Pombal – PB: uma análise acerca dos impactos da mudança climática na segurança alimentar, hídrica e energética.

Abstract

Tropical semiarid, also known as semiarid climate, involves a large part of the northeastern region of Brazil, characterized by the irregular distribution of rainfall in its region, favorable to the occurrence of the extreme dry event. Rural areas of the Brazilian northeast are the ones that suffer the most from the negative effects of drought. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the degree of vulnerability in two rural communities belonging to the municipality of Pombal – PB in light of the impacts caused by the extreme dry event in the food security, water, energy and what public actions/strategies/policies, adopted to minimize the consequences of such an event. The use of tools for the filtering of viable articles for the research enabled to assist in the process of knowledge construction and information on the drought was fundamental and contributes to the decision making. Based on this context, the idea arises of the construction and use of a system of vulnerability indicators that presents 62 variables, 10 indicators, 03 dimensions and 03 themes for each dimension. The application of the model was carried out in the community of Varzea Comprida dos Oliveiras and Monte Alegre by means of an instrument (questionnaire), located in the municipality of Pombal – PB. The arithmetic mean used in the analysis of the primary data obtained through the application of the instrument with the producers of the two rural communities. The results obtained in the Varzea Comprida dos Oliveira community were equal to 0.4769 and Monte Alegre 0.6105. When analyzing the vulnerability indexes, it verified that the community of Monte Alegre is in a situation of medium vulnerability to the extreme dry event, while the community of Varzea Comprida dos Oliveiras presented a low vulnerability index. However, both communities presented a deficiency in the dimension of adaptive capacity.