Otimização do processo extrativo da casca do caule e caracterização dendrológica de Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. Ex DC) Mattos – Ipê roxo – bignoniaceae.

Abstract

The purple ipe (Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex. DC.)) is a species native to Brazil, beloging to the botanical family Bignoniaceae. This species has a significant economic importance, with the potential to use of herbal extract for medicinal purposes, composing areas in reforestation, fauna feeding, honey production and landscaping in general. Given the above, this research aimed to optimize the process for obtaining liquid and dry extracts of the bark in natura for medicinal purposes and to describe the dendrological characteristics of the species. The work was divided into two chapters, in which Chapter I deals with the process for obtaining concentrated extracts from the bark of ipê, obtained in a process with unitary operations of extraction and evaporation, and the other chapter describes the macromorphological and biometric characteristics of adult individuals of H. impetiginosus. In the first chapter, the optimization of the process ocurred when using high temperatures (80°C), shorter time (30 min) and lower solvente concentracion (40%) at the time of operation, regardless of the temperature of the rotary evaporator. Based on the data collect, in Chapter II, it was observed that H. impetiginosus is a terrestrial, deciduous species, arboreal in habit, with a broad crown ang globular shape. It is concluded that for the identification of species in the field, the macromorphological characters of the reproductive structures are relevant, however, a fact that facilitates the identification of species in the field and ar presente throughout the year, regardless of the dry or rainy season, are the characteristics vegetative macromorphology of the crown, stem and bark.