Olhando para o universo através da radiação cósmica de fundo.

Abstract

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a electromagnetic radiation (microwaves), which comes from the cosmos and was produced when the Universe was approximately 380,000 years old. In short, this radiation has a spectrum blackbody thermal, was predicted theoretically by George Gamov, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman in 1948 and discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1965. In this context, the present work focuses on studying the CMB, specifically its origin and evolution, and how we can obtain cosmological information from it. The data coming from the CMB observations play a central role in the development of modern cosmology and in our understanding of the Universe's past. In this sense, the power spectrum and its anisotropies (both in temperature and polarization) reveal to us the physics behind the CMB - and therefore the early Universe - and allows us to verify the consistency of the most varied cosmological models. Current experiments targeting CMB aim, especially, at greater sensitivity in measurements relating to B modes of polarization (one of the physical entities most sought after by cosmologists today).