CANDIDO, D. A. S.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540026715484327; CANDIDO , Deivyson Anderson Silva.
Résumé:
The Pulsar begins with the gravitational collapse of a star after it has depleted all of
its nuclear fuel in its core. During this process, the star compresses until its electrons
and protons merge, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of neutrinos. This
entire process leads to the formation of a neutron star, which is a very dense and compact
object with a mass of 1.4 solar masses and a diameter of about 20 kilometers. The star
rotates rapidly and, if it has a very strong magnetic field, it can generate regular pulses
of electromagnetic radiation. In short, pulsars are highly energetic objects with strong
magnetic fields that rotate rapidly, emitting beams of radiation in a variety of wavelengths,
including radio waves, X-rays, gamma rays, and visible light. There are several ways to
study these phenomena, and an interesting way is to do it through catalogs. But why use
catalogs? There is a great advantage in using them, as it is possible to organize accurate
information, such as coordinates, observational parameters, and other properties. By
using catalogs, it is possible to identify and characterize pulsars in a particular region of
the sky more easily, due to the availability of accurate information about their location,
period, dispersion, etc. There are several types of pulsar catalogs available, each with
different methodologies and approaches. The most well-known is the "ATNF (AUSTRALIA
TELESCOPE NATIONAL FACILITY) Pulsar Catalogue" (which was the source of data
for this work), which contains accurate information on more than 2,500 pulsars detected
by radio telescopes around the world. The catalogs are constantly updated with new
information as new pulsars are discovered and existing information is refined. Throughout
this dissertation, we will address some aspects and concepts related to Astronomy and
radio astronomy. We also include a subsection on the structure and operation of radio
telescopes, general information about the BINGO radio telescope project, and discuss
some concepts about coordinates. We have separated two chapters to discuss pulsars,
delving into concepts of detection, population, dispersion, and luminosity. Finally, we
present a chapter on the entire process of data collection and treatment until obtaining
the graphs based on catalog data.