Tratamento de emulsões óleo/água utilizando a vermiculita modificada para a remoção de óleo.

Abstract

Oily water from discharges of some industries represent a serious problem for the marine and terrestrial ecosystem, requiring pretreatment for reuse or disposal of these waters. The use of adsorbent materials has been widely studied because of minimizing the problems causing the environmental system. The search for low-cost materials, high capacity removal and easy availability are important factors in their choice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the oil removal capacity using vermiculite modified clay with quaternary ammonium salt and wax liquid carnauba in emulsified oil / water solutions. For this purpose, the factorial design 2² with three central points was conducted to determine the conditions of finite bath trials. For the process of expansion in nature vermiculite clay was measured before and after expansion, in a graduated cylinder. It was brought to the cold muffle furnace until it reaches temperatures of 700, 800, and 900 ° C and, after reached these temperatures remained for 15 more minutes in the oven. The expanded vermiculite clay was modified with the quaternary ammonium salt, the liquid CTABr and carnauba wax, for 2 minutes under constant stirring. After the modifications, the oil/water emulsions were prepared at concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 ppm, using sodium chloride, Petrobrás lubricating oil and deionized water, under mechanical stirring for 20 minutes. For the finite bath, the samples modified clay, the deionized water, and the oil/water emulsions were used, according to the 2² factorial design. Após todos os procedimentos, as emulsões óleo/água e as amostras do banho finito, foram avaliadas através do analisador de óleo Horiba OCMA-350. Through the heat treatment, it was found that the process of expansion of the vermiculite lamellae was favored of 700 ° C temperature. In diffractogram, was evidence the intercalation of quaternary ammonium salt, due to increased interlayer distance from the characteristic peak of the expanded vermiculite clay. With the infrared spectra, were observe the absence of adsorbed water, caused by the expansion process, and intercalation of the organic material. From the micrographs it was found that the intercalation of quaternary ammonium salt and carnauba wax generated filled the voids between layers of the resulting expanded clay which have resulted in more compact aggregation. The vermiculite modified clay with quaternary ammonium salt has the greatest potential removability, the times of 1h and 3h, and 100 ppm concentration, in relation to the clay modified with carnauba wax. For the vermiculite modified clay with quaternary ammonium salt, the tests 1 (50 ppm / 1 hour) and 2 (100 ppm / 1 hour) had the best percentage of oil removal, with 89.72% and 90.80%, respectively, and vermiculite modified