Sistema de aquisição de dados para diagnóstico de um sistema de aterramento submetido a impulsos de corrente elétrica.

Abstract

Grounding is an essential element for the safety of persons and electrical installations, being of great importance evaluate the operation of its mesh. To evaluate a ground grid is necessary to determine its electrical characteristics both in industrial frequency and in the surge conditions. The electrical characteristics are obtained from the injection of electrical current in the mesh and its effects are measured, or voltage signals are acquired at different points of the ground. The analysis of the signals is fundamental for the adequate evaluation of the operation conditions of grounding. This paper presents a data acquisition system (signs) for assessment of grounding systems subjected to impulses of electrical current (surge), using a network of wireless transmission. The system is portable and capable to perform data communication via radio standard ZigBee, allowing transfer of data voltage signals acquired at different points of ground. The data acquisition system uses a model dsPIC 30F3011 microcontroller being formed by a central unit (UAC) and remote units (UAN). UAC controls the system and acquires data of current and voltage signals, applied by means of a current impulse generator, while the UAN must acquire data from voltage signal propagated on the ground. The operation beginning of acquisition system occurs in a controlled manner. Each unit monitors the voltage signals at the sensor and thus identifies the beginning of the impulse. For this purpose, data are recorded 64 μs before and 448 μs after the impulse has been detected. After the transmission from the UAC to the microcomputer, the data is analyzed and displayed in the form of transient impedance signal and potential distribution propagated in the soil. The system has been validated by testing using a simulated signal of 8/20 μs and by test with an impulse generator with its capacitor charging voltage of 10 kV. The system can be used to identify differences between the project specification of grounding system and its implementation, evaluate the degradation of the grounding and provide a diagnosis of the mesh, besides being useful in projects for monitoring systems that allow the insertion of ground mesh systems in intelligent networks.