Preparação e aplicação dos catalisadores (8%MoO3/VD, 8% MoO3/NaMOR e 8% MoO3/HMOR) na reação de transesterificação metílica do óleo de soja para produção de biodiesel.

Abstract

The objective of the work was to prepare a group of heterogeneous catalysts and to evaluate them in the reaction of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The hydrothermal method under static conditions was used to synthesize the sodium mordenite zeolite with molar composition 6Na2O: Al2O3: 30SiO2: 780H2O. The deposition of molybdenum oxide was carried out by the wet impregnation method. The catalysts (VD, 8% MoO3/VD, NaMOR, 8% MoO3/NaMOR, HMOR and 8% MoO3/HMOR) were characterized by DRX, FRX-ED, SEM, physical adsorption of N2, FTIR and TPD-NH3. The transesterification reaction of the soybean oil was conducted in a batch reactor without stirring during different reaction times (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours) at 200 °C using a soy/methanol ratio of 1:12 and 5% catalyst. Biodiesel was characterized by kinematic viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis, specific mass and acidity index. The successes of the mordenite zeolite syntheses (NaMOR and HMOR) were evidenced by the XRD, FRX-ED and N2 physical adsorption techniques. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the hard green clay (VD) showed characteristic peaks of the structure that belong to the group of smectites. It was observed that the addition of molybdenum to the samples (NaMor and HMOR) promotes the reduction in the specific surface area. In the case of the catalysts VD and 8% MoO3/VD presented higher concentration of strong acid sites and a small amount of weak acidic sites, the NaMOR and MoO3/NaMOR catalysts exhibited nature And weak and medium sites and HMOR and MoO3/HMOR catalysts showed peaks at two temperature ranges with weak and strong acid sites, which may be characteristic of Brönsted and / or Lewis. The kinematic viscosity values that most approached the range required by the 45/2014 standard of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) were with reaction times of 12 and 24 hours and catalysts (8% MoO3/VD, 8% MoO3/NaMOR and 8% MoO3/HMOR). In the thermogravimetric analysis of the biodiesel produced with 12 and 24 hours of reaction, it was verified the presence of two regions of mass loss, related to the volatilization of the methyl esters and unconverted triglycerides. In the tests of specific mass and acidity index only the catalysts (8% MoO3/VD, 8% MoO3/ NaMOR and 8% MoO3/HMOR) met the specifications required by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP).