Saneamento básico no Brasil: uma abordagem sobre a gestão ambiental e o novo marco legal.

Abstract

This scientific work carries out a comprehensive legal analysis of basic sanitation in Brazil, with a special focus on the New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation, Law nº 14.026/2020. The objective is to examine the main legal aspects involving the basic sanitation sector in the country, considering the implications of this new regulatory framework. The analysis begins by contextualizing the situation of basic sanitation in Brazil, highlighting the historical challenges related to the lack of adequate access to drinking water and sewage services. Next, the evolution of basic sanitation legislation in Brazil is explored, from the 1988 Constitution to the promulgation of Law Nº 14.026/2020. The central focus of the article is the New Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation, which brought significant changes to the sector. The main elements of this framework are discussed, including the opening of the sector to the private sector, the regionalization of services, the universalization of access and the creation of independent regulatory agencies. The potential benefits and challenges associated with these changes are analyzed, as well as the implications for the efficiency and quality of services provided. Furthermore, the article addresses legal and constitutional issues related to the competence of federal entities (Union, States and Municipalities) in managing basic sanitation, considering the changes introduced by the new legal framework. This article contributes to the understanding of the legal and institutional aspects of basic sanitation in Brazil and offers a critical view of the changes introduced by the New Legal Framework, highlighting the continued need for investments and specific public policies to guarantee universal access to basic sanitation services in Brazil. quality in the country.