Avaliação da fragilidade ambiental ao processo de desertificação nos municípios de Ouro Velho e São José dos Cordeiros no cariri ocidental paraibano de 1998 a 2018.

Abstract

Desertification in the state of Paraiba occurs intensely, causing socioeconomic and environmental impacts such as: soil unproductivity, loss of biodiversity, food insecurity, loss of vegetation cover, reduced income and impoverishment. Conducting human actions in a sustainable direction demands understanding of the capabilities and weaknesses peculiar to geographic spaces. Environmental degradation is characteristic of the predatory model of inappropriate use of space and requires, with increasing urgency, not only physical-territorial planning, but also socio-environmental planning. In this sense, it is necessary that the physical and socioeconomic characteristics be evaluated in an integrated way. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the environmental weaknesses that lead the municipalities of Ouro Velho and São José dos Cordeiros, which are part of the Western Cariri Paraiba micro-region, to the process of desertification through the use of geotechnologies in the elaboration of geological maps, slope, soils, vegetation and climate to later construct the environmental fragility indices of the microregion. For this, two methodological models were used, that of Ross (1994) and Crepani et al., (2001) which resulted in the making of physical mappings and socioeconomic charts of the Geographic Space under discussion. The use of geoprocessing proves to be an important tool in the evaluation of this study in which the data obtained in software Quantum GIS 3.16.2 Hannover, Autocad and temporal analysis of NDVI and in the range of visible RGB were manipulated. The environmental fragility map was made from maps of geology, slope, soil, vegetation and climate. The study of Environmental Fragilities improves the directions related to the implementation of management actions in the physical-territorial space, offering subsidies so that measures are implemented in a planned and conscious way.