Resistência da Neisseria gonorrhoeae a antibacterianos: revisão narrativa da literatura.

Abstract

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative bacterium, found in pairs that infects cells of the genital tract, rectum, oropharynx and conjunctiva. Gonorrhea caused by this microorganism is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). As a global problem, bacterial resistance compromises the effectiveness of treatments for various diseases and makes the treatment of common infections unfeasible. In this sense, this work aimed to carry out a narrative review of the literature on cases of N. gonorrhoeae resistant to antibacterial drugs. To this end, review articles were included as they presented several studies and data. Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance is present in several antibiotics such as penicillin and ciprofloxacin, being the most cited among the studies. This resistance involves several classes, thus confirming gene mutations as one of the main resistance mechanisms of this bacterium. Furthermore, unprotected sex was the main factor in this infection, which affects more men aged between 15 and 49 years and with lower socioeconomic levels. It is concluded that for a reduction in this resistance to occur, surveillance of gonorrhea cases is extremely important for monitoring the disease in order to reduce the number of gonorrhea cases and AMR.