Perfil epidemiológico da dengue na região Nordeste: 2016-2022.

Abstract

Dengue is characterized as an arbovirus, caused by the arbovirus of the Flaviridae family, transmitted mainly through the Aedes aegypti vector. The manifestation of symptoms can occur asymptomatically or symptomatically, which can lead to death. Without specific treatment for this pathology, the best form of prevention is to combat mosquitoes. In Brazil, considering its tropical climate and climate variability, dengue is a seasonal disease, considered a serious public health problem, however, a vaccine is already available in the country. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of dengue cases reported in the Brazilian northeast, between the years 2016 and 2022. It was an epidemiological, documentary, retrospective study, carried out using data obtained through the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), in the Ministry of Health's DATASUS database. The variables analyzed were: months and year of the first symptoms; State of infection and number of autochthonous cases by municipality of residence; final classification; diagnostic criteria; evolution; number of hospitalizations; sex; race; age group; education; presence or absence of pregnancy. 1.214.861 cases of dengue were reported during the studied period. The year 2016 had the highest number of infected people (319.595). The months of February to June presented the highest number of cases in all states and years studied. Rio Grande do Norte had the highest prevalence coefficient, and the state of Bahia had the highest number of autochthonous cases

(31.3%). 60.29% of cases were classified as “dengue”, with 46.4% confirmed by clinical- epidemiological diagnosis, followed by laboratory (13.8%). 55.6% of reported cases were cured

and 4% were hospitalized. The highest prevalence of cases occurred in individuals aged 20 to 59 years and females and the highest lethality was observed in males in the age groups of 20- 59 years and 60+. Prevalence was observed in black/brown race, and in individuals with medium and high education. Pregnant women represent 1,23% of reported cases. Therefore, it is evident that the number of dengue cases in the northeast region presents fluctuations in the period studied, however, it is clear that the disease represents a public health problem in the Brazilian Northeast, therefore, combating the vector is essential to contain the disease in the region.