Autocuidado apoiado entre as pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of complex and multifactorial origin that evolves with complications if it does not have adequate treatment, which consists of pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Health professionals must implement methods that encourage people with diabetes to take care of themselves, with supported self-care, which aims to develop skills in individuals with diabetes, making them capable of managing their own health appropriately, using the technique of the 5 A's. General objective: To discover whether people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who perform supported self-care are able to increase knowledge and change behavior to control glycemic levels. Methodology: Quasi-experimental before-and-after study with educational health intervention to support self-care. The initial moment had the participation of 30 individuals who answered sociodemographic, clinical and knowledge questions about Diabetes Mellitus DKN-A. At the final moment with the sample of 16 for the intervention, everyone received a guide of guidance and support for self-care, namely: four face-to-face meetings and telephone contacts every fifteen days for a period of two months. Analysis of the results was performed and presented with means, minimum and maximum and standard deviation for quantitative variables, and absolute and relative frequency measures for categorical data. The distribution presented normal data and the paired Student's t-test was used to compare the mean scores at times Mi (initial moment) and Mf (final moment). In all analyses, the significance level adopted was p<0.05. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee under opinion no. 6.122.899. Results and discussion: In the research, the majority of participants are female, married, inactive, with a family income of 1 minimum wage, with little/no years of education. Average time of diagnosis 9.4 years, hypertensive, without physical exercise habits and nutritional monitoring, using oral antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs, presenting capillary blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and inadequate level of knowledge. From the health education actions carried out with the 16 people who had glycated hemoglobin ≥ 8.0, it was possible to observe an improvement in the clinical condition of the participants, evidenced by the improvement in capillary blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin levels and knowledge levels, reinforcing the importance of health education. Conclusion: Therefore, it is considered that the implementation of supported self-care is an effective method for the treatment and control of diabetes and must be carried out continuously to guarantee support for people with diabetes and their families.