Efeitos adversos associados ao uso contínuo de anticoncepcionais hormonais orais: uma revisão.

Abstract

Contraceptives are effective methods for preventing pregnancy and, therefore, play a fundamental role in the lives of women of childbearing age. This study is a literature review with the general objective of identifying the main adverse reactions that interfere with the health of women of reproductive age resulting from the continuous use of oral hormonal contraceptives. The methodology used was based on the search and careful selection of scientific articles and studies published in databases, such as VHL, PUBMED and CAPES journal platform, covering the period 2018-2023. Only sources of information in Portuguese and English, available in full and related to the topic, were considered, with 22 articles being selected to compose this review. The main adverse reactions identified in this study included mild, moderate and severe adverse reactions such as nausea, weight gain, increased skin pigmentation, venous thrombosis, thromboembolism, cardiovascular disorders, stroke, unknown symptoms of vaginal bleeding and others. Furthermore, contraceptive alternatives available on the market were investigated. The research also highlighted the importance of pharmaceutical guidance as an integral part of promoting the safe use of these contraceptives. It is concluded that the decision to use hormonal oral contraceptives must be a conscious choice, based on accurate information, adequate medical evaluation and a comprehensive understanding of the associated risks and benefits.