Disputas hegemônicas e contexto situacional: construções de sentidos sobre a transposição do Rio São Francisco.

Abstract

This dissertation has aimed at analyzing the several different meaning constructions regarding to the transposition of the São Francisco River, considering that there are two distinct discursive articulation levels: 1 – the political- institutional, one in which there is a group pro-transposition e a group anti-transposition, constructing themselves opposite meanings in a declared disput; 2- the level concerning the interpersonal relations at Cabrobó, Brazilian town where the transposition first buildings depart from, the so called North Axle Transposition. The corpus has been made trough two steps: first of all, documental research on social materials , the favorable ones to transposition, and from the anti-transposition group; then, interviews with Cabrobó citizens who have not been directly envolved in favorable movement, neither contrary to its transposition. In order to understand the meaning productions of the political-institutional groups, I resort to Gramsci (1966, 1972), emphasizing the ideas of power struggle and hegemonic articulation of political forces. In dealing with the production of meanings of the Cabrobó´s citizens interviewed, used the symbolic interactionism of Strauss (1999) and Becker (2007, 2008, 2009), focusing on the shared meanings of objects related to the transposition (water, development, social agents pro and anti-transposition). In both cases, the theoretical approach has been made in dialogue with the theory of discourse analysis by Bakhtin (2004). I have worked data analyzing then in two steps: firstly presenting a discourse analysis concerning the documents and another one for the interviews themselves. Afterwards, having in mind the themes and contents that have arisen as central ones in each level, I have made a crossing, hence resulting an enlightening among themselves. It has been then possible, for instance, that while pro and anti-transposition groups had in mid the transposition departing from different views on the semi-arid region, impacted population and the need itself, the interviewed people use to depart from distinct problems, making discursive articulations departing from their own questions. Among these questions, one must emphasize the content work as a value and employment necessity. Therefore, development must be viewed as a central element in the discursive articulations, either in the political-institutional either in the interviews.