Desativação por depósito de coque em catalisadores de craqueamento.

Abstract

The zeolites are minerais that present as particular properties to the change of ions and the desorption of water that justifies the possible industrial application in of refining chemical process and petroleum. The deactivation catalyst during the reactions of catalytics cracking, hidrocarbons conversion of methanol, etc. It's one of main technological and economics problems of petrochemical industry. The nitrogenous presence compost as impure in the Brazilian petroleum, present a little make use of the zeolite that is used process in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), responsible for the transformation of gasoil in hidrocarbons of spicily gasoline. In this paper were established distinct phases. In the first one was done a characterization of H-Y zeolite deactivated during the cracking of the n-heptane at 450°C so, X- ray diffraction (XRD) and Physical Adsorption of the Nitrogen had been used (B.E.T. Model) tecnics were used. From this characterization was possible to check that deactivation takes place because of the blocking of pores. In the second phase the influence of the temperature over the formation of the coke was evalueted, where was verificated that the deactivation happened because of two factors: The formation of coke and poisoning of nitrogenous compounds (quinoline). The third phase was realized with objective of checking the effect of poisoning of nitrogenous compounds over the performance of catalyst H-Y during cracking of the n-heptane. In this phase is conclude that the presence of the quinoline is the fundamental factor in deactivation of catalyst.