http://lattes.cnpq.br/4432346227879566; ARAUJO, Kallianna Dantas.
Resumo:
The objective of this research was to evaluate the interference of goat grazing on
the vegetation, the rate of evolution of CO2, abundance, richness and diversity of soil fauna
and its dynamics in rainy and dry seasons, and assess the socioeconomic and
environmental aspects of São João do Cariri - PB. The research was lead in the “Fazenda
Experimental Bacia Escola/CCA/UFPB” in São João do Cariri - PB, from January to
December of 2008, in three contiguous areas of caatinga, correspondent to treatments T1
(10 animals – 1 animal/3200 m2), ), T2 (5 animals – 1 animal/6400 m2) and T3 (Control =
without animals). The area of the experiment is of 9.6 ha, being divided in three areas of
3.2 ha each. In each treatment there was fulfilled a floristic and phytosociologic survey in
30 parcels of (10x10 m) in a distance of 20 m from each other, being written down: the
species, the height and the diameter of the individuals with Circumference at the Height of
Base (CAB) 3 cm and height 1 m. We have done monthly determinations of carbon
dioxide (CO2), distribution of the macro and mesofauna, carbon, organic matter, water
content of the ground and kinetic of CO2 to each two hours (05 AM to 5 PM). We applied
355 questionnaires to the 60 farms of São João do Cariri - PB, following in the same area
used by the Community Health Agents. In three areas of caatinga families with a greater
number of species in shrub-tree layer are: Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae, and the species
Croton Sonderianus is the one that has a bigger relative density and species of higher
importance in the three areas are: Croton sonderianus, Caesalpinia pyramidalis
Pilosocereus gounellei, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Jatropha mollisssima. Species that
were common in the three areas were: Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Opuntia palmadora,
Pilosocereus gounellei, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Croton sonderianus, Jatropha
mollisssima and Sida sp. The floristic similarity was high for the three areas, with Jaccard
indexes higher than 0.25, but the diversity was very next, with similar richness of species,
with emphasis on Sida sp. The dominant groups of soil macro fauna were: Hymenoptera,
Diptera, Acarina, Coleoptera and Araneae and of soil mesofauna were Acarina,
Collembola, Protura and Diptera. The greatest abundance of the macro fauna was found in
areas under grazing and mesofauna in the areas with lower grazing pressure with 5
animals. The variation of the abundance and richness of groups are higher in the rainy
season and in the end of the season, the groups of macro fauna tend to increase. The CO2
emissions showed temporal variation with higher peak of release during the rainy season,
being higher in the area II with 5 animals and the rate of CO2 varied throughout the day
depending on the meteorological elements, with a tendency to release more in the
afternoon. The socioeconomic activity of the majority of the population in rural area is
agriculture with production of traditional crops as maize and beans for family consumption
and small livestock production, with a predominance of beef cattle, sheep and goats of
mixed breed. The species Pilosocereus gounellei, Opuntia palmadora, Cereus jamacaru,
and Manihot glaziovi are more used to feed the goats, however, the primary use of the
Caatinga is the removal of timber for firewood and fences. The edaphic organisms widely
found by landowners in the areas of forest, plantation and native pasture are: Hymenoptera, Araneae, Scorpiones), Isoptera and Coleoptera.