Influência da poli (Ɛ-caprolactona) e de copolímeros funcionalizados no desempenho de blendas com matriz de poli (ácido-lático).

Abstract

The polymers derived from petroleum have caused environmental impacts due to improper disposal. An alternative to this problem is the use of biodegradable polymers or blends production from these polymers. In this work, blends of poly (lactic acid) - PLA, poly (-caprolactone) - PCL, were prepared with three different copolymers: EMA, E-GMA and EMA-GMA are copolymers the ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate and terpolymer ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate respectively. The compositions used in the blends were as follows: PLA/PCL (90/10) PLA/PCL (80/20) PLA/ Copolymer (90/10) and PLA/PCL/Copolymer (80/10/10). These were prepared by melting in an extruder twin screw co-rotating and then injection molded in the form of specimens tensile, impact and HDT. All compositions were characterized by: mechanical tensile and impact , heat distortion temperature - HDT, differential scanning calorimetry - DSC, X-ray diffraction - XRD, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis – DMTA, spectroscopy in the infrared region by transform Fourier - FTIR, scanning electron microscopy - SEM, torque rheometer, rheological testing and capillary rheometer. The mechanical properties showed reduced values of modulus and tensile strength and an increase in elongation and impact resistance for all compositions when compared with pure PLA, especially for compositions containing copolymer EMA-GMA. The HDT showed no significant changes for the different compositions compared with pure PLA. The thermal and thermomechanical behavior was evaluated by DSC and DMTA and it was possible to observe the thermal transition of the blends. XRD was possible to observe the crystalline phases of the blends of PLA. The morphology of the fracture surface was observed by SEM illustrated that significant changes as a function of composition. The torque rheometer results showed no significant change in the behavior of PLA, while the rheological test results illustrate the increase in storage modulus in all compositions. From the test capillary rheometer was seen that there was a reduction in the apparent viscosity and shear stress at high shear rates for all compositions.