Estudo da eficácia de extratos botânicos sobre ovos e larvas de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos do sertão paraibano.

Abstract

The damage to the national farming goat caused by gastrintestinal nematodes are more evident in the Northeast region, where the exploitation of this animal species is more intense and of relevant social importance. The indiscriminate use of anthelmintics with many doses for year, causes inevitably the decrease of the efficacy of the product, induces resistance and increased the cost of the production. The phytotherapy appears as an alternative to increase the profits of creation, reducing the use of conventional anthelmintics. The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro the action of ethanolical extracts of the root of Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus (1762) – Jurubeba, Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (1906) - Capim Santo, Operculina hamiltonii (G. DON) D.F. Austin & Staples (1983) - Batata de Purga e Momordica charantia Linnaeus (1763) - Melão-de-São-Caetano, on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. The obtaining of the ethanolical extracs and the phytochemical study followed the methodology described by Matos (1997), for which it was used the dust of the recommended parties of each species. For the prospect of constituents of hidralcoholic extract were realized four tests. The recovery of eggs was realized in tamises and the larvae were obtained through farming larvae, from faeces of naturally infected goats from semi-arid paraibano. The extract was used in the concentrations 50; 25; 12; 6 and 3 mg/ml-1 for all plants and as positive control 0.2 mg/kg-1 of albendazole 5% and to witness were used sterile distilled water. The plates were examined to optical microscope for counting eggs in developing and larvae mobile and unmobile, after 24 h, 48h and 72h of incubation. In the chemical march were concluded that on test 1, the results indicated the presence of flobabenics tannins. On test 2, the results were positive for the presence of flavones, flavonois, xantones and flavanonois and negative to anthocyanins and anthoyianidins, chalcones and aurones. On test 3 was confirmed the presence of catequinas and flavanonas and negative for leucoantocianidinas, and test 4 was the emergence of precipitated, confirming the presence of alkaloids. The concentrations of ethanolical extracts of the four plants differed on the number of viable eggs and test of larvae mobility, and the percentage of viable eggs and larvae decreased with the increasing of the concentration and time of exposure, demonstrating the anthelmintics effectiveness of the extracts.