Análise do ciclo de vida do processo produtivo de frango de corte no Agreste paraibano.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the life cycle of the broiler chicken production process in rural Paraíba, considering two production systems (semi-automatic and manual). Primary data was collected from poultry farmers, through reports on each production cycle. In these reports you can find the number of chicks arriving at the warehouse, the total batch of chicken sold, quantity of feed consumed per chicken and total, total weight of the batch, average weight of the chicken, feed conversion rate, inputs, material raw material consumed and recipes. After carrying out the inventory, the data was entered into the Open LCA software, following the recommendations of ISO 14.040 (2014). The functional unit used was 1kg of chicken meat and the impact categories evaluated were: acidification, global warming, eutrophication, ozone layer destruction, photochemical oxidation, human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, aquatic ecotoxicity in freshwater and resource depletion. abiotic. The production analysis period was three years (2018 to 2020), on two farms and considering four annual production cycles on each. From the results it was found that the manual shed presented better management over the years analyzed, as it achieved a low mortality rate, a higher average chicken weight and a higher chicken density per square meter. In relation to the waste generated by both poultry farms, there was a similarity to that produced by other warehouses in the country, such as liquid effluents from washing floors and equipment, emissions into the atmosphere from the burning of biomass, as well as the volatilization of gases resulting from waste. Solid waste such as chicken litter and ash resulting from the burning of biomass are also included. With regard to the impact categories analyzed, it was found that for the acidification and eutrophication categories, in the semi-automatic warehouse there was no variation in the contribution values of these categories over the three years, but when compared with the contributions generated by the warehouse manual, were superior. As for the impact categories global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity and depletion of abiotic resources, the values of contributions generated by the semi-automatic warehouse have increased over the years, while in the manual warehouse, although it also contributed to these impact categories, over the years there was an annual reduction in these categories. Regarding the photochemical oxidation category, a different behavior was observed, with contributions varying between years and between sheds. In 2018, the manual shed presented higher contributions than the semi-automatic shed, whereas in 2019, the contributions showed similarity, with an increase in contributions from the semi-automatic shed and a reduction from the manual shed, thus becoming equivalent. In 2020, the contributions of the semi-automatic warehouse were higher than those of the manual warehouse for the photochemical oxidation category. Finally, it is concluded that there was a difference in the contributions of the impact categories resulting from the broiler chicken production process between semi-automatic and manual farms. Highlighting the manual warehouse that presented the best results, when compared to the semi-automatic warehouse.