Crescimento e composição mineral do milho cultivado com fertlizante organomineral à base de resíduos de carvão e de vermiculita.

Abstract

The extraction of vegetation charcoal, even if certified, and the extraction of vermiculite mineral, cause negative environmental impacts on the environment due to the accumulation of waste generated by industries. One of the alternatives to mitigate these impacts is the agricultural use of these residues in the formulation of environmentally sustainable fertilizers, especially in corn crops, which have high nutritional requirements throughout the cycle. Thus, the objective of the research was to establish the efficiency of organomineral fertilizer, formulated with residues from the extraction of charcoal, vermiculite and cattle dung, in the nutrition and growth of corn crops. For this, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments and four replications, totaling 32 experimental units. The treatments corresponded to seven doses of the proposed fertilizer (0; 1.25; 2.50; 3.75; 5.00; 6.25 and 7.50 t ha-1.) and a control treatment based on the recommendation of fertilizer for corn. The organomineral fertilizer was composed of 40% charcoal, 40% vermiculite residue and 20% cattle manure. The green corn cultivar used was AG 1051, which remained for 70 days in pots containing 7 L of soil. The increase in doses of fertilizer made from vermiculite residue, charcoal and cattle manure promoted an increase in corn growth 70 days after sowing. The dose of up to 5.25 t/ha of the elaborated fertilizer promoted greater accumulation of phytomass in corn plants 70 days after sowing. The fertilizer showed promise when it comes to the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant tissues, with this behavior being the opposite when it comes to the accumulation of potassium. There was an increase in pH and potassium content in the soil as the dose of fertilizer produced was increased.