O estudo léxico em gramáticas brasileiras do século XX: uma análise historiográfica.

Abstract

When it comes to the grammaticography of the Portuguese language produced in Brazil in the XX, the study of the lexicon present in these nineteenth-century grammars presents fluidity in its representation, unlike what happens with the grammatical system, whose description in these compendiums is more systematized. Therefore, this dissertation has as its general objective investigate the proposed study of the lexicon in Brazilian grammaticography of the 20th century, in the light of the Historiography of Linguistics (Koerner, 1996; 2014; Swiggers, 2004; 2010; 2012; 2013; 2015; 2019; Altman, 2004; 2012). To do this, we comment on grammatization (Auroux, 2014), more specifically about the grammatization of the Portuguese language in Brazil, as well as on the study of the lexicon (Antunes, 2012; Villalva; Silvestre, 2014; Neves, 2020) in grammars. Our corpus is formed by the grammars of Pereira (1907), Said Ali (1924), Rocha Lima (1965), Chaves de Melo (1978) and Cunha e Cintra (1985), all very representative of 20th century grammaticographic production. Following the theoretical-methodological assumptions from the Historiography of Linguistics, we have lexical knowledge in nineteenth-century grammars as an object of study and we observed, in the descriptive and interpretative scope, in a research qualitative and documentary, as the general theoretical orientations of the grammatical production of the century XX have repercussions on the treatment given to the lexical system of the language by Brazilian grammars of this century, as well as which guidelines are present in the approach to the lexicon in analyzed grammars and what continuities and/or discontinuities there are between the guidelines general and specific grammars regarding the study of the lexicon.To this end, we analyze how lexical phenomena are present in the grammars of our corpus, verifying the impacts that the intellectual atmosphere of the time had in describing lexical knowledge, exposing how such phenomena have been described. As results, we can infer that the study of the lexicon was losing space in the analyzed grammars, starting from a delimited place – lexeology – for a dilution into parts such as phonetics, phonology and morphology. Furthermore, we observed that, in most grammars, the notion of a homogeneous, ideal and abstract language is still perpetuated, without recognizing the existence of linguistic variation (in this case, lexical variation). Furthermore, in grammars from the beginning of the century, there is a clear reference to European Portuguese as superior and more cultured, to the detriment of what is spoken in Brazil, which denotes a perpetuation of purism linguistic, common at the time. Finally, with regard to the lexical phenomena arranged in the analyzed grammars, putting them all in perspective, we observed that, from the grammars of our corpus, representative of an entire century, there are significant changes in the approach to the study of lexicon in Brazilian grammaticography, although without the emphasis given to a part of the work specific to the lexicon, as in the late 19th century and early 20th century XX.