Substituição de concentrado pelo feno de Malva Branca em caprinos mestiços (Boer x SRD) terminados em caatinga enriquecida com Capim Buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.).

Abstract

The research aimed to evaluate the frequency, availability, nutritional value and offer of Caatinga forage of an enriched and grazed crossbred goats (Boer x SPRD), receiving different amount of hay portions in replacement of concentrate. The study was executed in the farm Lameirão (St. Teresinha - PB), that belongs to the Center of Health and Rural Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The climate of the region is BSh' type, with average annual temperature 28 °C and a precipitation annual average of 500 mm. The experimental area has good vegetation with secondary succession with three levels: woody, shrubby and herbaceous. The area was chopped in 2003 for removal of the undesirable plants, maintaining 15% coverage. A seeding of grass Buffel happened in 2006, where the seeds were mixed with goat manure. The seeding was done haul. The area was 2.4 hectares, divided into four picket of 0.6 ha, that during the trial period was submitted to the goats grazing. The animal grazing occurred from 08:00 to 17:00, after they were collected to the stalls and then the supplement with or without the inclusion of mauve was offered. For frequency of species herbaceous, a metallic frame (1.00 m long and 0.25 m wide) was used thrown 25 times at each picket. In all, four evaluations: 9/15/2014, before the animal grazing; 10/14/2014 and 11/13/2014 for the grazing of animals and 13/12/2014 after grazing animals. Based on the frequency the similarity of herbaceous species was valued. For the availability of MS, 12 randomized frames were chosen, for cutting and separating the Buffel grass, Dicos other grasses, and litter. For the supply of forage, was calculated using the ratio between the mass of average forage and animal load. Also samples were collected from Buffel grass, dicotyledonous, other grasses and litter to determine the dry matter, mineral matter, NDFcp, ADFcp, protein. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and plots on time. The data frequency and similarity were transformed into percentage, as data availability, supply and nutritional value were submitted to analysis of variance, Tukey test 5% (SAS, 2004). It was observed a higher frequency of Buffel grass in the different evaluation periods, ranging from 92 to 8%. Before the grazing was observed a frequency between 76 and 92% in areas 1,3 and 4, in area 2, showed a value much lower (32%). In the second plan dicotyledonous herbaceous, Malva Preta (68%), Malva Branca (64%), Alfazema (64%) and Cena Brava (60%) were the species with higher frequencies. For the similarity of herbaceous vegetation, areas 1 and 4 stood out with 70.09 and 75.95%, respectively, and the areas 2 and 3 had 65.31 and 57.38%, maintaining an average level. The best availability was observed in the first evaluation varying between 1261.28 and 75.02 kg/ha. The dicotyledonuos, litter, biomass standing and overall were influenced (P <0.05) by the evaluation time, with a gradual reduction. The chemical composition of Buffel grass, there was a significant difference (P for NDFp, ADF, and ADFc ADFp at different times of evaluation). For the dicotyledons, there is a difference meant (P <0.05) for the MM, NDF, NDFc, FDNp, ADF, ADFc, ADFp, HEMC and PB, ranging always between the periods evaluated. For the forage supply, a significant effect was observed (P <0.05) according to the evaluation periods for dicotyledons, litter, offer Bostonian standing and total forage on offer with 8.71 - 3.76, from 14.29 - 6.79;. 22.80 - 10.50 and 37.09 - 17.30 respectively between epochs. The epochs influenced the frequency and similarity of assessed herbaceous vegetation, as well as in dicotyledons, being legumes the most sensitive, to qualitative characteristics and the supply of fodder.