Mapeamento de serviços e recursos humanos da rede de atenção psicossocial da Paraíba: um estudo ecológico.

Abstract

Initiated in the 1970s, the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform reflected the emergence of the sanitary movement, driving significant improvements in mental health practice. The enactment of the Anti-Asylum Law in 2001 represented a milestone in this process, promoting deinstitutionalization and prioritizing more humane and inclusive approaches. The Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) was conceived as a response to this reformulation, aiming to meet the mental health needs of the community comprehensively and equitably. The study aimed to map the provision of services and human resources of RAPS in Paraíba, adopting an ecological approach, using data available in the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES). The analysis was conducted by municipality, considering the different health regions and the distribution of mental health services. The results reveal that Primary Health Care stood out as the most prevalent service, representing 76.81% (1828). Next, there was a significant presence of Emergency and Urgent Care services, totaling 16.47% (392), while Strategic Psychosocial Care ranked third, with 5.38% (128). It is important to note that strategic psychosocial care is more prominent in the 3rd health region, with 26 service points, followed by the 1st region, with 22 points, and the 7th region, with 11 points. Additionally, the study revealed challenges in the distribution of mental health services, with significant disparities between the state's regions. The shortage of specialized professionals, such as psychiatrists and psychologists, emerged as a central concern, requiring urgent measures to balance distribution and ensure equitable access to essential services. Faced with these challenges, promoting initiatives aimed at deinstitutionalization and strengthening the mental health care network is crucial. The integration of Multiprofessional Teams of Specialized Mental Health Care into all care networks can significantly contribute to improving access and the quality of services offered. However, continuous commitment to the improvement of RAPS is essential, taking into account the specific needs of different regions and populations served, aiming for a fairer, more inclusive, and efficient mental health system for all inhabitants of Paraíba.