A questão agrária no município de São Domingos do Cariri: a luta e os processos socioeducativos pela regularização fundiária dos povos ribeirinhos.

Abstract

This study delves into the economic appreciation of riverside lands along the Paraíba River following the transposition of the São Francisco River waters in 2016, and the consequent risks to the permanence of peasant families in the region. In this context, the overarching goal is to grasp, from a historical-dialectical perspective, the meanings of the socio-educational processes involved in the struggle of the riverside peasants of São Domingos do Cariri for land titling. Specifically, the study investigates the agrarian and peasant question in Brazil, Paraíba, the Paraíba Cariri region, and, more specifically, in the municipality of São Domingos do Cariri. It analyzes the process of land distribution in the territory corresponding to the current municipality of São Domingos do Cariri, aiming to understand how past elements contribute to comprehending the current agrarian and peasant issue in that territory. Finally, the study examines the appreciation of land in the municipality of São Domingos do Cariri after the transposition of the São Francisco River waters and explores the meanings of the socio-educational processes involved in the struggle of the riverside peasants of São Domingos do Cariri for land titling. The theoretical-methodological framework is anchored in the historical-dialectical materialist conception of the processes of development of phenomena and human knowledge about them (SAVIANI, 2015), considering the inseparable nature of the processes of intervention in reality and the scientific production of knowledge about it. Thus, to reflect on the research question, the findings are analyzed under the light of historical-dialectical materialism, as it is through this lens that society is analyzed, starting from its economy and material condition, always observing the materiality of people's lives and the concrete realities they face. To investigate the object of study, a variety of sources were employed, including land grants, public deeds of movable and immovable property, inventories, wills, records of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and deaths, population censuses, agricultural censuses, criminal proceedings, parish land records, legislation, newspapers, photographs, maps, oral history accounts, among others. The research conducted enabled the understanding of: the influence of colonial production, feudal structure, and land laws on the current configuration of the agrarian question; the genealogy of the colonizers and historical records that demonstrate land occupation, concentration of power, and the struggle for land regularization; that the transposition of the São Francisco River intensified conflicts over water and land, demanding resistance from peasant communities through organization, education, advocacy, and political mobilization; the need for measures to ensure a fair distribution of land, protect territorial rights, and guarantee the possession of riverside lands by peasant communities; and the importance of mobilizing and strengthening the unity of peasant communities to face the risk of land grabbing arising from the appreciation of riverside lands, seeking collective and effective solutions to protect their lands and ways of life.