Energia em tempo de descarbonização: uma revisão com foco na economia sustentável.

Abstract

With technological advancement, the scale of industrial production has increased, leading to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. These climate changes are directly influenced by man and are associated with the burning of fossil fuels (from cars, industry, thermal power plants), forest fires, deforestation, decomposition of waste, etc. Given this, the study aimed to technically evaluate, through a literature review, the decarbonization methodologies used by countries and companies emitting greenhouse gases (GHG) and how to achieve the green seal when carrying out their activities. A qualitative bibliographical review was carried out, which was carried out based on research in books, scientific articles (original, bibliographical review and case study), theses, dissertations, and content from official body websites on the internet, being them in digital and/or physical format. The decarbonization methodologies covered were: Renewable Energy; Energy Efficiency and Electrification; Carbon Capture, Storage and Trading; Biofuels; Low Carbon Agriculture Plan; Afforestation and Reforestation; Public Transport and Urban Mobility; Clean Hydrogen Technology. The main objective sought by companies seeking Environmental Certification is to ensure environmental quality in all phases of their production process, ranging from manufacturing to transportation and marketing. Companies seeking green certifications have generally already implemented environmental management through an Environmental Management System (EMS). To obtain green seals, it is imperative that these companies are in full compliance with environmental legislation and meet the required requirements. According to the information collected, it was possible to analyze the current situation and challenges faced by the aforementioned sectors, as well as the perspectives and goals for the future in Brazil and the world.