Metodologia de avaliação da sustentabilidade na agricultura familiar, a partir da utilização de sistemas de irrigação na produção agrícola na região semiárida.

Abstract

Even in the midst of global discussions on sustainable development, many countries still face problems related to the environment and, above all, related to water resources. In Brazil, there has been a growing process of environmental degradation in recent decades, leading the country to create management mechanisms, such as laws and decrees created from the perspective of protecting the environment and environmental resources, regulating the National Policy for Water Resources (PNRH), offering elements that provide the Federated States with the management of their resources based on democratic and participatory management, Thus, and based on the management of water resources, based on the Sustainable Development Goals 3 SDGs, and irrigated family farming in a semi-arid region, the present research aimed to propose a methodology for evaluating the sustainability of Family Farming, through the use of irrigation systems for agricultural production in the semi-arid region in Municipalities of Paraíba. Among the characteristics intended and incorporated into the model, its ability to interrelate the efficient use of water in productive family units in different alternative irrigation systems linked to the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda stands out, in addition to these, other possible and operationally viable aspects that may exist in any irrigation system in a family unit were incorporated. Its idealization was designed in such a way as to enable the perfect adequacy, implementation and operationalization, especially in relation to the use of water resources in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The process of creating the evaluation methodology was set up and tested in the Municipality of Cabaceiras-PB in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Eastern Cariri of the State, using reservoir resources and controlled by pumping and stored in a water tank to measure the data, which were obtained in three different moments, these were analyzed in an integrated way via the proposed evaluation methodology considering the water consumption per system, The implementation costs, production and scale returns in the period of one year, then it was projected for a new period following the same conditions, in order to obtain data that validated or not the methodology, assuming possible scenarios using or not the use of groundwater, for each scenario two situations were admitted: use of the most efficient system in the use of water regardless of the productive result or use of the system with better productive results regardless of water consumption; The results demonstrate that all the tested systems are efficient in terms of water consumption, production and provide satisfactory returns on an economic scale, since the difference between the results is balanced given the small distance in the scale of production and water consumption, the condition demonstrated the efficiency of the system and its sustainability. Providing opportunities for the family living in the semi-arid region to produce and increase family income from irrigated production in controlled reservoirs, such as equipment such as artesian wells, cisterns and/or dams, as long as they are capable of supplying more than twenty thousand liters of water per production cycle.