A luta quilombola na Paraíba: os entraves para se alcançar o direito ao território.

Abstract

The research discusses the situation of quilombola communities in Paraíba, problematizing the obstacles to the realization of territorial rights. The research used data from the Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP), the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), in addition to materials from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Theoretically, we sought to discuss the emergence of the category – quilombo remnants – and the challenges posed to understanding a phenomenon that, although contemporary, indicates a link with a past. We surveyed academic works that developed research on quilombola themes, with an emphasis on the territory of Paraíba. With the promulgation of the Federal Constitution in 1988, we began to recognize the existence of quilombos in contemporary times and the right to ethnically differentiated territory. In the legal arrangement, it was defined that the FCP would be responsible for issuing the Certificate of Self-Recognition, the first step in establishing the demand for legal recognition of the territory occupied and/or claimed as the ethnic territory of the quilombola community. There are obstacles that prevent the recognition of territorial rights, such as the lack of budgetary allocation to carry out the Technical Reports on Identification and Title of the Quilombola Territory (RTID), and the lack of a technical team prepared to carry out the same. We conclude that the legal framework is fundamental, however, it is not sufficient to guarantee economic resources to carry out the work necessary for the production of the RTID, as well as the political difficulties to overcome bureaucratic delays. We highlight that Paraíba is the state in the Northeast region of Brazil with the lowest number of certified and titled.