Dimensionamento ótimo de sistemas de armazenamento de energia aplicados a sistemas híbridos de geração de energia.

Abstract

A methodology is presented for the optimal sizing of multiple Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) applied to Hybrid Energy Generation Systems (HEGS) with centralized dispatch in interconnected systems, evaluating different battery technologies. The primary objective is to assess the optimal sizing considering the impact on operational flexibility, curtailment prevention, power flow dynamics, and energy exchange. The goal is to determine the storage capacity that will bring the maximum marginal benefit to the system. To achieve this, an algorithm is developed that accounts for the characteristics of the existing network and its loads, the generation patterns of energy sources, and the operation of BESS. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to find optimal solutions, and the Newton-Raphson load flow method is used for system evaluation. The integration of intermittent sources, such as wind and photovoltaic, is explored, considering their specific characteristics to determine the sizing of BESS. Hourly historical data, including solar irradiance and wind speed, are used for generation modeling, as well as demand data from the Northeast system. In the case studies analysis, generation sites in Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, and Ceará were utilized. To validate the proposed methodology and the impacts of BESS, three case studies were created using the IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems. The evaluation included the application of different indicators in the results, the complementarity between HPGS in different locations, and the identification of optimal points for the electrical location of generation parks and their BESS. The implementation of the methodology allowed a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of BESS in network integration, showing a significant reduction in energy fluctuations and a notable smoothing effect, contributing to the stability and operational efficiency of the power system. Among the evaluated technologies, the one with the best cost benefit ratio demonstrated superior capacity benefits without necessarily resulting in higher total costs. The structure, which considers operational flexibility, curtailment prevention, and the dynamics of the interconnected system, offers a holistic approach. Furthermore, the presented methodology stands out as a significant resource for both planning and operation analyses of systems, addressing the challenges of integrating renewable energy resources in centralized dispatch systems.