Mapeamento e valoração de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos no semiárido brasileiro.

Abstract

The process of environmental degradation that gave strength from the industrial revolution was linked to the process of urbanization and resulted in the loss of ecosystem goods and services, with ecosystem goods and services being indispensable for the well-being and maintenance of life in the planet Earth. This research identified a risk and semi-characteristic alert in the stretch of the Taperoá River Basin in the semi-arid that comprises the Carnaubinha, Jeremias and the urban zone of the municipality of Desterro, Paraíba, Brazil, the Taperoá River of great importance for the state of Paraíba since it is one of the main effluents of the Paraíba River. The identification of goods and ecosystem characteristics was based on participatory mapping, a workshop on Goods and the ecosystem characteristics of interest groups (Community, Managers and Specialists) mapped the values and beneficial effects on a map produced size A3 and assigned a level of importance for each service unit, after the realization of the data mapping was interpolated in a software for the elaboration of digital maps where a map algebra was performed. Despite the marked environmental degradation along the river, the process was introduced in a total of 170 areas that are considered as ecologically correct was the most cited by the community, set for hunting and fishing. However, the highlight is for fishing taking into consideration that hunting is derisory these days for the local community. It was possible to identify the Euclidean distance that there is no similarity between the acidity and the ecosystem factors between the groups or that each subgroup had different perceptions. The participatory mapping was carried out from the Valuation Project of Environmental Services Applied to Coastal Vulnerability. The data obtained for this research are of great importance to be used as a tool to build a model of ecosystem management by decision makers. Way of addressing the potential of building a thematic ecosystem management model of the whole process was taken into account by stakeholders.