ESTADO DE BEM ESTAR SOCIAL: Uma discussão socioeconômica e política sobre o Estado brasileiro e o Programa Bolsa Família.

Abstract

The spinal structure of our research is, primarily, to analyze the effects of social protection policy in Brazil, its impacts and its weaknesses regarding income transfer policies. The evolution of the new state structures that aim to balance in the same weighing-machine, social demands and control of the markets are pointed out in our analysis, looking more closely at the Brazilian reality and its policies of coping with poverty. In fact, this proposal provokes a real debate about the possibilities and the limits that the governmental action must occupy in the public life of the individual. However, the understanding of the role of the State in assisting the most needy occupy our line of analysis. Starting, as a matter of priority, from the formation of the State, we gradually seek to structure how political, civil and social rights, etc., have been achieved through each transition of state configurations. As far as possible, we exposed the importance of the state as a civilizing agent, this is the contractualists aception, as well as a central piece in the political and social development of humanity. In a second moment, we systematized the importance of the twentieth century for the accomplishments of the working class. We deepened the analysis of the Social Democratic State and the construction of the archetypes of Social Security that were later absorbed by many of the national constitutions. We point to the genesis of the Welfare State and the Bismarckian and Beveridgian plans, besides the regulation of markets in the post-crisis of 1929 and the dimensionality of public policies. The third and last moment of this composition is closely focused on an analysis of the Public Policies of Income Transfer in Brazil. This part analyzes the first experiences until the unification of the current Bolsa Família, where we show the possibilities, the challenges, the weaknesses and the magnitude that the program has developed in socio-political terms in the country. Moreover it was possible to consider how the state action has benefited from this populism and what were the effects of this principle on the economic and political development of Brazil. We conclude that income transfer policies promote a change in the Brazilian social scene, however, do not necessarily promote a motricity in individual freedoms. Therefore, the methodology developed is a bibliographical review of both the social sciences, political and also the economic area, exploratory in view of the relevance of the plurality developed from the academic world.